2020年成人本科学位英语阅读题复习资料（1）

Reading Comprehension 1

After inventing dynamite (炸药), Swedish-born became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.

Nobel’s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $ 30,000 to $125,000.

Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges’ decision. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.

No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.

1. When did the first award ceremony take place?

A. 1895. B. 1901. C. 1962. D. 1968.

2. Why was the Nobel prize established?

A. To recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity.

B. To resolve political differences.

C. To honor the inventor of dynamite.

D. To spend money.

3. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. Awards vary in money value.

B. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel’s invention.

C. Politics can be of importance in selecting the winners.

D. A few individuals have won two awards.

4. In which area have Americans received the most awards?

A. Literature. B. Economics. C. Peace. D. Science.

5. In how many fields are prizes bestowed?

A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 10

Reading Comprehension 2

The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes,you will stop producing them.

If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a taxi driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.

When you spend your income, you are buying things from the market. Yon may spend money in stores supermarkets and gas stations. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.

The market may seem to be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it’s real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it won’t be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. It’s telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the market doesn’t want you to do.

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Selling and Buying

B. What Is the Market?

C. Everything Yon Do is Producing for the Market

D. What the Market Can Do for You?

2. All of the following acts are producing for the market EXCEPT_______.

A. working in a bank B. printing a book

C. attending a night school D. growing beans for sale

3. You are buying from the market when you_______.

A. borrow a book from a library B. look after your children

C. drive to the seaside for a holiday D. treat a friend to dinner at a restaurant

4. The word “real” in the last paragraph may most probably mean _______.

A. serious B. true C. important D. concrete

5. In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something?

A. It tells you what to produce.

B. It directs you how to grow tomatoes.

C. It provides you with everything you need.

D. It helps you save money.

Reading Comprehension 3

After a busy day of word and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.

There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.

Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.

If you have trouble failing asleep, some people recommend breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believed that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep put you to sleep!

1. A good title for this passage is______.

A. Sleep B. Good Health C. Dreams D. Work and Rest

2. The word “drowsy” in the last paragraph means_______.

A. sick B. stand up C. asleep D. a little sleepy

3. This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you_______.

A. dream more often B. have poor health

C. nervous D. breathe quickly

4. During REM, _______.

A. your eyes move quickly B. you dream

C. you are restless D. both A and B

5. The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is _______.

A. approximately six hours B. around ten hours

C. about eight hours D. not stated here

Reading Comprehension 4

Very high waves are destructive when they strike the land. Fortunately, this seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in one direction almost always run into waves moving in a different direction. The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.

But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale (大风), waves sometimes strike the shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds.

Yet the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During the most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind.

1. According to the passage, destruction caused by high waves occurs _______.

A. regularly B. rarely C. frequently D. suddenly

2. We know from this passage that out at sea, when waves going in opposite directions meet, their force _______.

A. causes greater damages B. extends to the ocean floor

C. is likely to lessen D. increases rapidly

3. It is clear from the passage that coastal depth _______.

A. is the only factor influencing the strength of high waves

B. influences the power of high waves

C. has no influence upon the strength of very high waves

D. is irrelevant to the question of the power of high waves

4. From the second paragraph of the passage we know that the power of very high waves striking the shore is _______.

A. constant B. equalized C. variable D. perpetual

5. From your reading of the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. At the depth of 1200 feet the effects of a violent surface storm are frightful.

B. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by a raging surface storm.

C. A typhoon 500 miles out at sea stir up the ocean floor.

D. If high waves can strike the shore with a horizontal force of 75 million pounds,

the vertical force of such waves can have an even greater effect upon the ocean floor.

答案翻译

Reading Comprehension 1

1. B 计算题。根据文中第一段最后一句“Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony.”计算可得。1968―67=1901

2. A 细节题。根据短文第一段第二句“he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind.

3. B 细节题。A, C, D 分别在第二、四段提到。根据短文第三段第一句“Americans have won numerous science awards”一句可知这一天是颁奖日，并非为纪念诺贝尔的发明。

4. D 事实判断题。根据短文第三段最后一句“Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes.”一句判断可得。

5. C 文章第一段说及 Originally there were five awards，后又说 Economics was added in 1968，故总数奖项为 6。

Reading Comprehension 2

1. B 本篇第一句即说：The market is a concept. 下文均用来解释这一概念。其余各项都不能概括全文。

2. C 按本文意思，凡为市场提供产品或服务的均为 producing for the market，凡花钱换取产品或服务的均为 buying from the market. 本题 A，B，D 属前者，唯 C为后者，故为答案。

3. D 同上题，可推出 D 为答案。

4. D 文章中第三段说：The market may seem to be something abstract. 接着说：But for each person or business who is making and selling something, it’s real. 对比abstract，可推知 real 即指“具体的”concrete。

5. A 本文最后一段说明市场对生产者的反馈作用，是用来说为什么它又是 real的。

Reading Comprehension 3

1. A 本文谈的是睡眠的 4 个阶段，所以 A 是最佳选择。不能选 C，因为梦是作为睡眠的一个阶段。

2. D 本文最后讲述如何帮助入睡时说，有人认为 drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy。可推知 drowsy 的意思与 sleepy 相近。

3. B 见第一段 Sleep is necessary for good health。

4. D 见第三段 This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement. 这一情况只在做梦时发生。

5. D 从全篇看，作者没有谈到这个问题。

Reading Comprehension 4

1. B 本篇开始说巨浪的破坏性很大，接着又说：Fortunately, this seldom happens.可知它造成破坏的情况不常有。

2. C 第一段在谈到方向相反的海浪相遇时说：The two sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. 因此说他们的力量有可能减弱。

3. B 见第一段最后：As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow bottom helps reduce its strength.

4. C 第二段所举几个数字告诉我们，海浪冲击海岸的力量同浪高和浪宽有关，它们是不一样的。

5. B 本文最后一句：During the most raging storms, the water a hundred fathoms (600 feet) beneath the surface is just as calm as on a day without a breath of wind. 可知潜艇在 700 英尺深处不受海面风暴的影响。