成人学位英语习题（2）

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.

It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.

In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!

Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.

How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man”. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.

1. Which language does the word “archaeology”come from?

A. French. B. Greek. C. Roman. D. German.

【答案】B。答案：可能谈不上什么常识储备，我们带着题干关键词：“archaeology”一目一行定位答案范围在：第一段第一句话。“archaeology”一词源于希腊语。因此答案选择选项B。应该是属于送分题目，不含技巧成分。

2. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to_______.

A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects

【答案】D。答案：these“这些”，指代的东西前面已经提及过，四个选项均有提及，A与B与C选项，是用and连接起来的没有主次之分的四个并列词语，反过来也就是说，它们当中，我们无从选择，答案是D。D选项就包含了前面三个选项的内容。

具体解法：细节题。根据“these”一词的上下语境可判断，该词是指上句话中的“objects left behind by the humans of long ago”，很久以前人们留下来诸如骨头、石头和金属之类的物体，因此答案选择D。

3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?

A. Ice and Iow temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen.

C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water.

【答案】D。答案：带着题干关键词：preserve“Lindow Man” 一目一行定位答案范围在：第四段的“he was in a very watery environment”和“the water in the bog was very acidic”，可知是由于充满水的环境以及水里面的酸使尸体保存比较完好，因此答案选D。

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. “Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him.

B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.

C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.

D. “Lindow Man”was good at manual work.

【答案】B。答案：此类题目，最好是带着选项内容去原文中寻找有价值的信息：A选项在第三段的细节题。根据文章第三段可知“Lindow Man”是bog沼泽的名称，故A错;“Lindow Man”是两个施工中的男子发现，故C错;根据最后一段，可知“Lindow Man”是一个很少做体力活的富人，故D错;而从第一段中，可得知B对。

认真做了第二小题的话，此题目就手到擒来了：However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials…….。

5. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. What Is Archaeology?

B. Archaeology and History

C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery

D. The Death of“Lindow Man”

【答案】C。答案：此类题目我们有两种方法：一、利用切题解题法，通过题干的设置，去了解文章的大意，因为出题人的题干设置一般而言，也是围绕文章中心的;二、浏览每一自然段的第一句话和最后一句话，因为这些地方是主旨出没的地方。

此题目利用第二种方法较好：第三段第一句“两个人有了一个惊人的发现….”;第四段第一句话“为什么这个人保存得如此完好…..”;第五段“他是怎么死的…”。与之匹配的是C选项。

具此可知，文章主要介绍了“Lindow Man”这一考古学上的惊人发现，而非讲述考古学的概念，也非考古学与历史的关系或“Lindow Man”的死因，因此ABD均为以偏概全。

【全 文 翻 译】

“考古学”一词像其他的学术词汇一样，是来自于希腊语，意思大致为“研究旧的东西”。所以，它是历史研究的一部分。然而，大多数历史学家使用诸如信函、油画和照片之类的纸质证据，而考古学家则从很久以前人类留下的物体获取信息。一般这些物体是不容易分解或者消失的硬东西，比如说人的骨头、石头和金属制作的东西。

通常除了这些硬东西，很少能再发现其他的东西，因为空气中的细菌常常会腐蚀掉尸体、衣服和木制品之类的软东西。不过偶尔也会有例外。

1984年，在英格兰北部一个叫做“Lindow Moss”的沼泽地区，两个男子正在施工的时候有一个惊人的发现。该沼泽是一个浸满水的地域，上面长了很多植物，可以比作一碗很大很稠的汤——一一旦你走错了地方就会沉下去并永远消失。两个人正在施工时，其中一个人看见一个从水中翘起来的东西—— 一个人脚!于是他们就报了警，警察来之后发现了其余的尸体。这是一件谋杀案吗?也许，但是这个“案件”差不多是两千年前的事儿了。他们发现的这具尸体是古罗马入侵英国时留下的。尽管尸体已经很久远，但还是保留着皮肤，肌肉，毛发和内脏。科学家们甚至可以看到男子胃的内部，以及里面最后一次所吃的食物。

为什么这具尸体保存如此完好?这是因为他处在一个非常潮湿多水的环境中，免受了需要氧气才能存活的细菌的侵扰。而且沼泽里面的水呈酸性，正如用酸保存皮革和皮鞋一样，水里面的酸使男子的皮肤得以完好无损。

他又是怎么死去的呢?考古学家和科学家们理所当然地都想知道这个被他们称为“Lindow Man”男子的更多信息。他的手和手指甲表明他在生活中没有干过重体力活——他生前可能是一个富人。他们发现该男子不是死于一个意外事件，考过学家们进一步认为该男子实际上是被献祭给三个不同的神灵。

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

The city has always been an engine of intellectual life, from the 18th-century cafes of London, where citizens gathered to discuss chemistry and politics, to the Left Bank bars of modern Paris, where Picasso talked about modem art. Without the metropolis, we might not have had the great art of Shakespeare.

And yet, city life isn't easy. Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing. Just being in an urban environment, they have found, impairs (损害) our basic mental processes. (78) After spending a few minutes on a crowded city street, the brain is less able to hold things in memory, and suffers from reduced self-control. While it's long been recognized that city life is exhausting, this new research suggests that cities actually dull our thinking, sometimes dramatically so.

One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain. Studies have demonstrated, for instance, that hospital patients recover more quickly when they can see trees from their windows, and that women living in public housing are better able to focus when their apartments overlook a lawn. Even these glimpses of nature improve brain performance, it seems, because they provide a mental break from the urban life.

This research arrives just as humans cross an important milestone (里碑). For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities. Instead of inhabiting wide-open spaces, we're crowded into concrete jungles, surrounded by traffic and millions of Strangers. In recent years, it's become clear that such unnatural surroundings have important implications for our mental and physical health, and can powerfully alter how we think.

This research is also leading some scientists to dabble (涉足) in urban design, as they look for ways to make the city less damaging to the brain. (79) The good news is that even slight alterations, such as planting more trees in the inner city or creating urban parks with a greater variety of plants, can significantly reduce the negative side effects of city life. The mind needs nature, and even a little bit can be a big help.

6. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?

A. The city inspires talented people. 　　B. The city hurts your brain.

C. The city has many pleasures and benefits. D. The city seriously affects the natural balance.

【答案】B。答案：此题目可以放在最后。因为我们也许能够在下面的题目中，获得有关文章大意的信息。主旨题，根据文章大意，讲的是城市生活影响我们的大脑，因此选择选项B “The city hurts your brain。”

7. The word “metropolis” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.

A. citizen B. nature C. city D. stress

【答案】 C。答案：题目中的词语“metropolis”，前面加了定冠词“the”，说明前面有所指代了，B与D选项原文中没有提及，排除;A选项放入句子中，句子意思不通顺;根据上文一直在讲the city的种种好处，可知此处metropolis也是city的意思。

8. People have just come to realize that_______.

A. human attention is a scarce resource 　B. city life can make people very tired

C. the city is an engine of intellectual life D. an urban environment is damaging to the brain

【答案】D。答案：根据文章第二段第一句话的and yet，表达转折关系，所以下面就应该讲述：城市生活的害处。排除C选项;下面一句话：Now scientists have begun to examine how the city affects the brain, and the results are depressing可知，人们开始认识到城市的环境对人体大脑的损害，因此选择D。

9. What is the factor mentioned in the third paragraph that helps the hospital patients recover more quickly?

A. Nature. B. Better treatment. 　C. Experienced doctors. D. Good medicine.

【答案】A。答案：通过前面两道小题，我们应该对文章大意有了这样的信息：城市生活的害处，环境对人们生活的影响。

仔细浏览选项，充分利用切题解题法，我们可以大胆推测答案就是A。因为对病人来说后面三个选项都是至关重要的，分不出彼此。A选项就切题了。

认证答案：带着题干关键词：一目一行定位答案范围在：文章第三段第一句One of the main forces at work is a complete lack of nature, which is surprisingly beneficial for the brain，定语从句修饰nature，说它是对大脑有益的，紧接着举了医院病人看到更多的树而康复更快的例子，因此本题选A。

10. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Different aspects (方面) of an urban environment, such as the crowded streets, can lead to an increase in self-control.

B. Small changes in urban design, cannot reduce the negative side effects of city life.

C. For the first time in history, the earth's population is more urban than rural.

D. A walk down a busy city street will improve brain performance.

【答案】C。答案：结合前面题目的信息与常识储备，A选项应该排除，拥挤的街道还能够提高自我控制能力，很显然，这是不可能的，排除;B选项：太绝对，否则我们城市里的街心花园，栽一些树都没有好处?利用常识储备排除：同样的理由排除D选项。

认证答案：细节题，根据文章倒数第二段For the first time in history, the majority of people live in cities大多数人开始的时候是生活在城市“即城市人口比农村人口多”，可知C the earth’s population is more urban than rural是正确的。

题外话：我们当今不就是这么一种尴尬局面吗?大量农村人口蜂拥而至城市里。

再返回去完成第六小题：后面四道小题，提供的信息，都是城市的害处，尤其是对大脑，答案就是B。

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Breastfeeding (母乳喂养) for a month or longer appears to reduce a woman's risk of getting diabetes (糖病) later in life, according to a new study. The breastfeeding and diabetes link has been reported in other studies, according to researcher Eleanor Schwarz. Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe. Her study is published in a journal of medicine in America. Schwarz and her colleagues looked at data about breastfeeding practices. They evaluated data on 2,233 women f~om Califomia. Of those, 405 were not mothers, 1,125 were mothers who breastfed for at least a month, and 703 were mothers who had never breastfed. They were 40 to 78 years old.

According to Schwarz's study, the risk of getting a diagnosis (诊断) of Type 2 diabetes for women who breastfed all their children for a month or longer was similar to that of women who had not given birth. But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth. Mothers who never breastfed were about 1.4 times as likely to develop diabetes as women who breastfed for one to three months, Schwarz found.

While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better. (80) “Previous studies have shown the longer the mom breastfeeds, the more benefit for her body.” Many experts recommend breastfeeding for six months and continuing for a year, she says.

The diabetes-breastfeeding link is probably explained by belly fat. Mothers, who don't breastfeed, as they get older, may have more belly fat, as breastfeeding helps new mothers take off weight. “Belly fat increases the risk of diabetes as you get older,” she says.

The finding isn't surprising at all, says Kimberly Gregory. She often gives advice to women who get diabetes (occurring during pregnancy (怀孕)) that they are at risk for later getting Type 2 diabetes and suggests they breastfeed. The new findings will probably inspire Gregory to add to the-advice she gives moms-to-be about the benefits of breastfeeding. She often focuses on the benefits to the baby.

11. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. About two thousand and two hundred old women took part in the study.

B. Eleanor Schwarz's research program was about men and women who suffered from diabetes.

C. Over one fifths of the women never got married.

D. Eleanor Schwarz's results seem more reliable.

【答案】D。答案：此题目带着选项关键词去原文中一目一行猎取有价值的线索，A选项在第一段，人数是二千多，但是参加者可不是old women，而是40到70之间。出题人是在考察您的眼力哪，如果您不仔细的话，就错误选择了;

B选项：同样在第一段，没有提到男人。排除;C选项，原文中没有提及，排除;

根据文章第一段“Yet, her study makes the link easier to believe”，可知她的研究使人们更容易信服，即是D选项“more reliable”的同义转述。

12. According to Schwarz's findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?

A. Those mothers who had never breastfed. 　B. Those mothers who never gave birth.

C. Those mothers who breastfed for a month. D. Those mothers who breastfed for six months.

【答案】A。答案：充分利用我们宝贵的常识储备：母乳喂养的好处。答案是A。

认证答案：带着题干关键词：According to Schwarz's findings，一目一行定位答案范围在：文章第二段第二句话：“But mothers who had never breastfed were nearly twice as likely to develop diabetes as women who had never given birth”可知，从未进行过母乳喂养的母亲患糖尿病的几率是最大的，因此选A。

13. Which of the following statements would Schwarz agree with?

A. Breastfeeding is not advisable because it is not good for a mom to keep a good shape.

B. Breastfeeding can greatly reduce a mother's chances of getting all kinds of serious disease.

C. Breastfeeding for a month is highly recommended: the longer, the better.

D. Breastfeeding for a month or longer makes babies smarter.

【答案】C。答案：利用常识解题法，五秒钟解决它。A选项排除，大大有悖于常识储备，与12小题相互矛盾;B选项，all 表达的意思太绝对，能够包治百病，引申过度，排除;D选项不切题，文章主要是说母乳喂养对母亲的好处，同时应该是母乳喂养使小孩更加健康，而不是smarter。

认证答案：文章第三段开头一句While one month of breastfeeding appears to make a difference, Schwarz says, even longer is better符合C选项的意思。

14. What does the author mean by “moms-to-be” in the last paragraph?

A. Women who are pregnant, especially for the first time.

B. Women who dream of having babiesfor the first time.

C. Women who already have children.

D. Women who have just got babies for the first time.

【答案】A。答案：其实此题目我们完全可以从字面上，揪出正确答案来：moms-to-be，to be 不定式表达将来的动作，即moms 的动作在将来，意思就是“准妈妈们”，因此选A“怀孕的女性”。

认证答案：最后一自然段倒数第二句话。答案是A。

15. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?

A. Breasffeeding May Enhance Babies' Chances of Survival

B. Breasffeeding May Lower Moms' Diabetes Risk

C. Breasffeeding May Become Very Fashioaable in Near Future

D. Breasffeeding May Help Women Lose Weight

【答案】B。答案：结合前面题目提供的信息，我们不难发现文章大意是：母乳喂养的好处，降低糖尿病的发生。与之匹配的选项B。

忒详解：主旨题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍母乳喂养和患糖尿病之间的关系，及B Breastfeeding May Lower Moms’ Diabetes Risk母乳喂养降低母亲患糖尿病几率。

第二部分 词汇与结构

16. You should carefully think over_____ the manager said at the meeting.

A. that B. which C. what D. whose

答案：从句接在think over 动词短语的后面，说明这是一个宾语从句;从句the manager said 缺少宾语，即宾语从句不完整，A选项排除;B选项要求从句前面有所指代，而题干中没有，排除;D选项，whose后面接名词，也没有提供，排除;答案是 C。

一网支招： what = all that，名词性从句中that和what 是高频考点 。至于为什么请参阅本网校语法部分。

17. Last week I wrote to the hotel to book a room, but they _____ yet.

A. didn't answer B. wasn't answering 　C. hadn't answered D. haven't answered

答案：仔细观察选项，我们知道此题目考察时态。首先判断语言环境：根据句子大意，空格处的语言环境应该是“现在”(但是直到现在都没有回复)。故而答案不就一目了然了吗?答案是D。

一网支招：做时态和语态的题目，判断语言环境是最最重要的了。即判断记住是说什么时候的事情，说过去的事情用过去的时态，说现在的事情用现在的时态;说将来的事情用将来的时态。最最基本的弄清楚出题人的意图，考察您什么东西，我亲爱的学员朋友，当作一项能力去培养吧。

18. Diana felt very much upset at ___to the party as she had longed to go for a long time.

A. having not been invited B. not having been invited

C. not to be invited D. to be not invited

答案：仔细浏览选项，我们知道，此题目考察非谓语。非谓语动词invite作介词宾语，非谓语动词invite与主语Diana之间是被动的逻辑关系，因为“没被邀请参加晚会”这个动作发生在谓语动作felt之前，所以用非谓语的完成时，排除A与B选项;再者，非谓语的否定词not要置于非谓语的前面。答案是B。

一网温馨提醒：弄清楚出题人的意图，是一项我们必须长期培养的能力。而且一般而言语言点是不会重复的。但是这里有三十小题，可能也有例外。千万千万注意那些高频考点。

19. On no account __ held responsible for the car accident, so he should not be put into prison.

A. the driver can be B. can the driver be 　C. the driver be D. be the driver

答案：仔细浏览选项，出题人的意图就一目了然了：我们不难发现，此题目考察倒装结构(A与C选项正常语序;B与D选项，倒装结构);所以我们最首先弄清楚的是是否倒装结构。如何判断是否倒装结构：按照中文的正常语序，不能呆在句首的词语，而呆在了句首，那么这句话就得倒装，尤其是那些否定意义的词语。

本题目中的On no account“决不”，按照中文语序，就不应该呆在句首，所以需要倒装结构，排除A与C选项;但D出现谓语动词be原形不对，不可能没有迹象，莫名其妙出现动词原形的，这点也请学员朋友千万千万注意。

20. All the kids are crying now. What_____makes them so unhappy?

A. it is B. is it C. it is that D. is it that

答案：亲爱的学员朋友，看到C与D选项，难道您没有一点感触：出题人考察强调句结构。

一、此题目加上选项的谓语有三个，利用“连词=谓语个数—1”可知，此题目需要两个连词，排除A与B;二、是否强调句：it is …that…,这句话还原为陈述句：it is what that makes them so unhappy。是一个通顺的句子，所以需要强调句结构。后面的问号只能在D选项中得到体现，答案是D。

好好琢磨一下吧，多做一些真题，能够让你出题人都考您些什么。

21. Unfortunately, the package I was expecting was _____ to the wrong address.

A. written B. given C. packed D. delivered

答案：考察动词词义，只能是您的词汇量了，别人帮您的不多，记忆单词是一永恒的话题。

被动语态。A被写，B被给予，C被包裹，D被送往，只有D答案符合题意。

22. _____by a large audience, he felt very nervous and didn't know what to say.

A. Watching B. Watch C. Watched D. Having watched

答案：此题目出题人考察我们的谓语或非谓语。B选项，排除，因为此题目不能再有谓语(没有连词);判断主语与非谓语的逻辑关系：He不能watch这个动作，同时后面的关键词by也同样给了您这样的暗示。所以非谓语动作是被动语态。答案是C。

句子大意是：被一大群观众看着，他才感到很紧张不知道说什么好。

23. I'm very grateful for your help and hope to do something for you_____in the future.

A. in exchange B. instead C. in return D. in particular

答案：出题人意图：考察差几个短语的意思。四个选项皆为高频考点。句子大意是既然您帮助了我，我将来也要为您做点事情，作为_____。利用您流利的中文，答案不就明明白白清清楚楚了吗。作为回报。A作为交换，B代替，顶替，C作为回报，D特别地，由其。只有C符合题意。

in exchange 作为回报，可能会误选。

24. I can ____you that the animals are well cared for in our zoo, so you needn't worry about them.

A. suppose B. assume C. assure D. grant

答案：考察几个动词的词义。空格处应该填入“我保证”之类的词语。A。猜想，认为，B假设， 猜想，C使相信; 使确信，D准许; 答应给予。只有C符合题意，assure sb that从句“使某人确信……”

同时A与B选项有同样的意思，某种程度上，也可排除，答案是C。

25. The drowning boy made a _____ attempt to catch the rope thrown to him.

A. dangerous B. graceful C. gentle D. desperate

答案：drowning这个词语认得吧“溺水的，快要淹死的”，既然如此，还能够B与D吗?

A危险的，B优雅的，C温和的，D拼命的，只有D符合题意。

26. If we_____early tomorrow morning, we will reach the coast before dark.

A. take off B. set off C. set up D. take up。

答案：选B，考察几个动词短语的意思，A脱掉，(飞机)起飞;B出发，动身;C建立，建造;D拿起，占去(时间/空间)，只有B符合题意，

27. A lot of people mistake John for Bill because they _____ each other in appearance too much!

A. weave B. utilize C. reveal D. resemble

答案：考察几个动词的词义，A编， 织; 织成，B利用， 使用，C显示; 露出，D看起来像。只有D符合题意

28. When there are cordial relations between the two countries, we mean there exists a_____ relationship between them.

A. friendly B. hostile C. fertile D. complicated

答案：考察几个形容词词义，关键词we mean，告诉我们前后句子，意思一样。空格处应该填入与cordial 同义转述的词语，A友好的，友善的，B怀有敌意的， 不友善的，C多产的， 富饶的，D结构复杂的。只有A符合题意。

29. The patient's recovery was very encouraging as he could_____get out of bed without help.

A. only B. almost C. merely D. hardly

答案：A与C选项可以排除，因为它们你打的意思几乎一模一样;D选项表达否定，不符合题意。答案是B。

A只，仅仅，B几乎， C仅仅，只是， D几乎不，只有B符合题意。